Reported Speech en Inglés — Estilo Indirecto — Explicado en español para estudiantes mexicanos. Programa SEP. Gratis.
Para el COMIPEMS: Las preguntas de inglés piden comprensión de textos. Lee el texto completo antes de las preguntas, identifica la idea principal de cada párrafo, y usa el contexto para deducir el significado de palabras desconocidas. ¿Qué es Reported Speech en Inglés?
El Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto) es cómo reportas lo que alguien dijo, sin repetir sus palabras exactas. En español: "María dijo que estaba cansada." En inglés: "Maria said she was tired."
Hay dos formas de citar: Directo (las palabras exactas entre comillas) e Indirecto (reportando lo que se dijo). El Reported Speech siempre es indirecto.
Cuando el verbo principal está en pasado (said, told), los tiempos verbales retroceden un nivel:
Present Simple → Past Simple: "I work here." → She said she worked there.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous: "I am working." → He said he was working.
Past Simple → Past Perfect: "I went." → She said she had gone.
Will → Would: "I will come." → He said he would come.
Can → Could: "I can help." → She said she could help.
Must → Had to: "You must go." → He told me I had to go.
SAY: No lleva objeto directo: She said she was tired. ✅ | She said me... ❌
TELL: Siempre lleva objeto (a quién le dices): She told me she was tired. ✅ | She told she was tired. ❌
YES/NO → se reportan con IF/WHETHER:
"Are you tired?" → She asked if I was tired.
WH → se reportan con la misma palabra, SIN inversión:
"Where do you live?" → He asked where I lived. (❌ "where did I live")
"What time is it?" → She asked what time it was.
"Sit down!" → He told me to sit down.
"Please help me." → She asked me to help her.
"Don't touch that!" → He told me not to touch that.
I → he/she | my → his/her | here → there | now → then | today → that day | tomorrow → the next day | yesterday → the day before
1. "I am happy." → She said she was happy.
2. "I will call." → He said he would call.
3. "Are you hungry?" → She asked if I was hungry.
4. "Where do you work?" → He asked where I worked.
5. "Close the window." → She told me to close the window.
6. "Don't be late!" → He told me not to be late.
7. "I have finished." → She said she had finished.
8. "Can you help?" → He asked if I could help.
9. "I must go." → She said she had to go.
10. "What time is it?" → He asked what time it was.
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Ver tienda →El Reported Speech (estilo indirecto) se usa para reportar lo que alguien dijo, sin citar sus palabras exactas. Es fundamental en inglés escrito y en el COMIPEMS.
Cuando el verbo introductor está en pasado (said, told), los tiempos verbales "retroceden":
Present Simple → Past Simple: "I like pizza" → She said she liked pizza.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous: "I am working" → He said he was working.
Past Simple → Past Perfect: "I went" → She said she had gone.
Will → Would: "I will call" → He said he would call.
Can → Could: "I can help" → She said she could help.
Must → Had to: "You must go" → He said I had to go.
I → he/she | we → they | my → his/her | your → my/his/her
here → there | now → then | today → that day
yesterday → the day before | tomorrow → the next day
this → that | these → those | ago → before
SAY: no requiere objeto indirecto → She said she was tired. ✅
TELL: requiere objeto indirecto → She told me she was tired. ✅
❌ "She said me..." → ✅ "She told me..."
❌ "She told that..." → ✅ "She said that..."
Preguntas YES/NO: She asked if/whether I was tired.
"Are you tired?" → She asked if I was tired.
Preguntas WH: She asked where I lived.
"Where do you live?" → She asked where I lived.
¡Ojo! Orden de palabras: sujeto + verbo (no inversión)
❌ "She asked where did I live" → ✅ "She asked where I lived"
Usar told/asked + to + infinitivo
"Close the door." → He told me to close the door.
"Please sit down." → She asked me to sit down.
"Don't touch that!" → He told me not to touch that.
1. "I like English." → She said she liked English.
2. "I am studying." → He said he was studying.
3. "I will come." → She said she would come.
4. "Are you tired?" → He asked if I was tired.
5. "Where do you live?" → She asked where I lived.
6. "Close the window." → He told me to close the window.
7. "Don't be late." → She told me not to be late.
8. "I went to Paris." → He said he had gone to Paris.
9. "I can swim." → She said she could swim.
10. "You must leave." → He told me I had to leave.
El Reported Speech no es una lista arbitraria de cambios para memorizar -- tiene una logica clara. Cuando reportas lo que alguien dijo en el pasado, los tiempos verbales retroceden un nivel porque el punto de referencia temporal cambio. Lo que ERA presente cuando se dijo, ya es pasado ahora que lo reportas.
Piensalo asi: si alguien te dijo "I am tired" (estoy cansado) a las 3pm, cuando a las 6pm le cuentas a otra persona lo que dijo, ya no es el presente -- es algo que dijo antes. Por eso retrocede: "She said she was tired."
Diferencia fundamental: SAY vs TELL
SAY: NO lleva objeto directo de persona. Solo dice las palabras.
OK: She said she was tired. | She said that she was tired.
ERROR: She said me she was tired. (Incorrecto -- say no lleva "me")
TELL: SIEMPRE lleva objeto directo (a quien se lo dice).
OK: She told me she was tired. | He told John to come in.
ERROR: She told she was tired. (Incorrecto -- tell necesita el "me/him/her")
Preguntas YES/NO -- Se reportan con IF o WHETHER
"Are you tired?" -- She asked if I was tired. | "Can you swim?" -- He asked whether I could swim. | "Did she call?" -- She asked if he had called.
Preguntas WH -- Se reportan con la misma palabra + orden normal (sin inversion)
"Where do you live?" -- She asked where I lived. (NO "where did I live") | "What time is it?" -- He asked what time it was. | "Why did you leave?" -- She asked why I had left.
Regla critica: NO hay inversion en preguntas reportadas
En Direct Speech: "Where do you live?" (inversion verbo-sujeto)
En Reported Speech: She asked where I lived. (orden normal, sin inversion)
ERROR: She asked where did I live. -- La inversion DESAPARECE en Reported Speech.
"I am very happy," she said.
Present Simple (am) retrocede a Past Simple (was). "She said she was very happy." -- Tambien nota: "said" no lleva objeto de persona, correcto.
"Where do you work?" she asked.
Pregunta WH reportada: palabra WH + orden normal (sujeto + verbo), sin inversion. "where I worked" -- Past Simple porque el Present Simple retrocede. NO "where did I work" (no hay inversion).